Though learner-centered paradigm of education has long been introduced to pedagogy in general and language teaching in particular, it seems that scant heed has been given to its implementation as well as the restrictions and challenges on its way. In an attempt to shed more light on the status of learner-centered instruction in Iranian language schools, particularly as regards the imped...

Interactivity, a fundamental aspect of traditional face-to-face teaching, is central concern in the design planning and organization technology mediated instructional settings online learning, because it crucial knowledge acquisition development cognitive skills, intrinsic to effective practice individual discovery. The present paper aims critically review set recent representative empirical st...

In the framework of kit-build concept map, (1) a goal map is prepared by a teacher, (2) parts of the map is generated by decomposing the goal map, and then, (3) a learner makes a map (a learner map) by combining the parts. The learner map is diagnosed by comparing with the goal map. The differences between the learner map and the goal map should be resolved by the learner to complete the learne...

This paper investigates learner-initiated responses to English language teachers’ referential questions and learner initiatives after teachers’ feedback moves in meaning-focused question-answer sequences to analyze how interactional practices of language teachers, their initiation and feedback moves, facilitate learner initiatives. Classroom discourse research has largely neglected learner init...

This study introduces a “Technology Integration Model” for a learning environment utilizing constructivist learning principles and integrating new technologies namely computers and the Internet into pre-service teacher training programs. The technology integrated programs and learning environments may assist learners to gain experiences using technologies for purposes like constructing new know...