Abstract Scholars have generally underestimated the level of Roman involvement in Africa period between annexation Carthage 146 b.c . and Caesar's victory at Thapsus 46 ., land which Romans annexed has been conventionally called public ( ager publicus ). This paper analyses surviving text African provisions epigraphic lex agraria 111 notes that term is not attested provincial section law. The a...

The concept of strategic communications rose to prominence especially with the events linked Crimea annexation and Russian intervention in Eastern Ukraine. As such it has been mostly related reactive fight against disinformation propaganda or other elements hybrid campaign. This paper aims point much broader potential for tool support goals realm national security defence, while is understood a...

This article explores the portrayal of first Cuban war independence against Spain (Ten Years’ War, 1868–1878) in print media both (Barcelona) and Cuba (Havana). The Spanish press portrayed official reports on as falsehood denounced exclusionary treatment Cubans African descent. Havana media, although careful to avoid direct references participation by former slaves, addressed racial composition...

Abstract This article focuses on Finnish political scientists’ contributions to the public debate at a time when relationship between academia and government was tenser than usual. More specifically, it addresses roles relevance of scientists during three salient crises 2010s: annexation Crimea by Russia in 2014 war Donbass, so-called European migrant crisis beginning 2015, failure major govern...

Institutional theories of urban primacy suggest centralized urbanization can be decentralized through political reform. Despite this potential, rectifying and its attendant inefficiencies attracts sporadic interest. Perhaps is because the disruption rarely observed, rendering potential decentralization a nebulous concept. Missing cities are defining feature yet figure in empirical cost-benefit ...

Abstract Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014 is widely framed as an outside-in process, not only enabled but also enacted by the Kremlin. Prevailing accounts privilege geopolitical analysis and place those developments a broader narrative tension competition between West Russia. Such downplays involvement local actors importance choices they made prior to during events. This article revisits ...