The climatic reference values for monthly and annual average air temperature and total precipitation in Catalonia – northeast of Spain – are calculated using a combination of statistical methods and geostatistical techniques of interpolation. In order to estimate the uncertainty of the method, the initial dataset is split into two parts that are, respectively, used for estimation and validation...

Climatic controls on fluvial landscapes are commonly characterized in terms of mean annual precipitation. However, physical erosion processes are driven by extreme events and are therefore more directly related to the intensity, duration, and frequency of individual rainfall events. Climate also influences erosional processes indirectly by controlling vegetation. In this study, we explore how i...

. Abstract: In an oligotrophic coastal zone, land drainage and atmospheric precipitation can temporarily modify the concentrations of specific dissolved compounds in local surface waters, mainly nutrient salts, setting up conditions for "new" primary production of phytoplankton. The Ubatuba region (23°30'S 45°06'W) is considered an oligo-mesotrophic region subject to a high average annual preci...

rainfall is considered a highly valuable climatologic resource, particularly in arid regions. as one of the primaryinputs that drive watershed dynamics, rainfall has been shown to be crucial for accurate distributed hydrologicmodeling. precipitation is known only at certain locations; interpolation procedures are needed to predict this variablein other regions. in this study, the ordinary cokri...

Hydrological processes depend directly on climate conditions [e.g., precipitation, potential evapotranspiration (PE)] based on the water balance. This paper examines streamflow datasets at four hydrological stations and meteorological observations at 79 weather stations to reveal the streamflow changes and underlying drivers in four typical watersheds (Meigang, Saitang, Gaosha, and Xiashan) wit...

To investigate the chemical characteristics of precipitation in the polluted urban atmosphere in Beijing and possible mechanisms influencing their variations, a total of 131 event-based precipitation samples were collected from March 2001 to August 2005. The concentrations of major ions in the samples were analyzed by using ion chromatography. Intermediate pH (6.1–7.3) was recorded in approxima...

East African precipitation is characterized by a dry annual mean climatology compared to other deep tropical land areas and a bimodal annual cycle with the major rainy season during March–May (MAM; often called the ‘‘long rains’’) and the second during October–December (OND; often called the ‘‘short rains’’). To explore these distinctive features, ERA-Interim data are used to analyze the associ...

Global models projected that, precipitation in Great Plains of the United States will decrease in summer and increase in spring and winter. However, few studies had carefully examined ecosystem responses to this intra-annual redistribution of precipitation. Here we used a process-based model, Terrestrial ECOsystem (TECO) Model, to evaluate responses of ecosystem carbon processes (including net ...

The spatial and temporal variability of precipitation time series were investigated for the Hexi Corridor, in Northwest China, by analyzing the entropy information. The examinations were performed on monthly, seasonal, and annual timescales based on 29 meteorological stations for the period of 1961–2015. The apportionment entropy and intensity entropy were used to analyze the regional precipita...