Several important aspects of the antimicrobial resistance problem have not been treated extensively in previous monographs on this subject. This section very briefly updates information on these topics and suggests how this information is of value in assessing the contributions of human and agricultural use of antimicrobial agents on the problem of increasing antimicrobial resistance. The overa...

Enterococcus faecalis can cause healthcare-associated biofilm infections, including those of orthopedic devices. Treatment of enterococcal prosthetic joint infection is difficult, in part, due to biofilm-associated antimicrobial resistance. We previously showed that the E. faecalis OG1RF genes ahrC and eep are in vitro biofilm determinants and virulence factors in animal models of endocarditis ...

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes extensive mortality in poultry flocks, leading to extensive economic losses. To date, little information is available on the molecular basis of antimicrobial resistance in APEC in Africa. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the virulence and antimicrobial resistance of multidrug-resistant APEC isolated from septicemic broile...

OBJECTIVES To determine the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance genes and role of integrons among 135 antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica from Brazil. METHODS The presence of antimicrobial resistance genes, class 1 and 2 integrons and gene cassettes was analysed by PCR and sequencing. The genetic location of class 1 integrons was determined in 25 isolates by hybridization and plasm...

Background and Purpose: Candida albicans is the most common Candida species (spp.) isolated from fungal infections. Azole resistance in Candida species has been considerably increased in the last decades. Given the toxicity of the antimicrobial drugs, resistance to antifungal agents, and drug interactions, the identification of new antifungal agents seems essential. In this study, we assessed t...

Backgrounds and Aims: Mastitis is a mammalian disease which is considered important due to its potential economic damages. Trueperella pyogenesis is one of the important opportunistic pathogens of the mammary glands of cattle. This bacterium can produce acute mastitis infection in dairy cattle. In fact, this bacterium has several virulence genes which contribute to its pathogenicity. Therefore,...

Imported animals, especially those from developing countries, may constitute a potential hazard to native animals and to public health. In this study, a new flock of lesser flamingos imported from Tanzania to Hiroshima Zoological Park were screened for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, integrons and antimicrobial resistance genes. Thirty-seven Gram-negative bacterial isolates were obt...

Objective(s): The aim of the present study was to determine the aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AMEs) encoded genes, tetracycline resistance genes, and the coa based typing of Staphylococcus aureus isolates in the Southwest of Iran. Materials and Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was carried out by agar disk diffusion methods. Two sets of multiplex PCR mixture were used for de...