background: obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (osas) is a common sleep disorder characterized by repeated upper airway obstruction during sleep. while respiratory pauses followed by loud snoring and daytime sleepiness are the main symptoms of osas,the patients may complain from sleep disruption, headache, mood disturbance, irritability, and memory impairment. however, the association of sleep ap...

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Psychological manifestations such as depression, anxiety and stress are common in patients with MS. Social support is involved in the well-being of patients with MS. This study aimed to assess the relation between perceived social support with depression, anxiety and stress in patients with MS. Methods:...

dopamine (da) is one of the main catecholamines in the brain and is crucial for movement coordination, endocrine function, reward, mood, memory and emotions. the dopaminergic system is the primary therapeutic target in the treatment of parkinson’s disease (pd), drug addiction and schizophrenia. notwithstanding, dysfunction of central dopaminergic neurotransmission has also been associated to de...

Background Hospital-acquired diagnoses (HAD) not only lengthen inpatients’ recovery times but also incur significant additional costs of care. The focus of previous research has been on ‘highly preventable’ indicator conditions and the cost of individual episodes, rather than on the entire spectrum of unintentional patient harm. As well, little attention has been paid to the frequency of HADs a...

conclusions as perceived risk factors may not always translate to a real risk factor, patients with a perceived risk factor toward cvd may experience anxiety and depression. the results found in females are discussable. objectives the current study was conducted to compare anxiety and depression among cardiovascular patients with and without a perceived risk factor toward cvd. methods the admin...