• Two auditors: one to ask open questions, the other as witness and scribe. • Interview staff individually, establishing their knowledge of trial procedures and incident. Note conflicting information. • Establish key facts: 1. Were participants real and eligible? 2. Did they consent? 3. Are test/clinical measurements/data valid? 4. Was appropriate treatment/intervention given? 5. Was follow-up ...

Objective: The aim of this study is to provide a management plan for the Sykan watershed of Darre shahr city located in Ilam province using GIS in land use planning. Methods: For land using of Sykan watershed of Ilam province with about 9 hectares area, map of classes, elevation, percent slope, geographical aspects, soil characteristics, vegetation density and the final map units were combined ...

OBJECTIVE To describe the waste produced by and environmental implications of individual cigarette consumption (filter tips, packages, and cartons) and tobacco manufacturing. STUDY SELECTION All available articles and reports published since 1970 related to cigarette consumption and production waste were reviewed. DATA SOURCES Global cigarette consumption data were used to estimate cigarett...

Patient choice is becoming the centre of health policy in the UK and other countries. But there is ambiguity about what choice means. As the term is used in everyday life, choice is the foundation of the doctrine of patient consent. The doctor is responsible for choosing appropriate treatment, and the patient is responsible for choosing (for consenting to or refusing) what is offered and accept...