Investor–state arbitration, also called investment arbitration, is often accused of harming developing states facing economic hardship for the benefit of a wealthy few from the Global North. Its proponents respond that it is the only available means to resolve disputes impartially, and that its increased use clarifies international law. In this article, the authors investigate the empirical man...

background informed consent is an important part of the patients’ rights and hospitals are assigned to obtain informed consent before any diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. obtaining an informed consent enables patients to accept or reject their care or treatments and prevent future contentions among patients and medical staff.   methods this survey was carried out during 2011-2. we assessed...

Background: ART contracts involving third parties have been created while clinical reproductive treatments are globally widespread. Iran is pioneer in applying these treatments in middle-east due to shii’at jurisprudence prescribing them. This key role in region, has raised Iranian jurists’ responsibility in developing a legal system regarding administration of ART. The most significant part of...

Whether it is the Summer Olympics or Winter Olympics, in order to resolve potential sports disputes, Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) sets up a special ad hoc tribunal host city Olympic Games. Although CAS rules have many similarities with ordinary procedures, they are different terms legal basis, remedies, and certain procedural rules. During Beijing 2022 (Beijing 2022), Ad Hoc Division An...

Objective of the research: to identify means protection collective interests, suitable for international commercial arbitration, based on models used in Russian procedural law and abroad. The research both general scientific (analysis, synthesis, comparison, descriptive, formal-logical) special legal (formal-legal, comparative-legal, historical-legal, method modeling) methods. work has resulted...

This study aims to present the unique product of International Chamber Commerce for dispute resolution in area trade finance, namely Documentary Instruments Dispute Resolution Expertise (DOCDEX). The ICC Banking Commission, together with Court Arbitration, has designed these distinct set rules documentary credit issues, specifically adapted resolve disputes over interpretation and monitoring im...