This paper presents a methodology for evaluating life safety risks in road tunnel fires. The methodology considers three realistic fire scenarios, smoke spread, occupant evacuation, and reliability of fire suppression systems. The three fire scenarios represent three variations of fire growth rates. The road tunnel in this study is assumed to have two traffic tubes, a longitudinal ventilation s...

A design of simple hardware circuit with different kind of fire sensors enables every user to use this wireless fire security system. The challenges in designing the nodes with various types of fire sensors are discussed and the methods to overcome design problems are also analyzed. The circuit is interfaced with the different types of sensor to sense different fire sources such as gas leakage,...

Smoke plays an intriguing role in promoting the germination of seeds of many species following a fire. Recently, a bicyclic compound containing a condensed butenolide moiety, 3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (1), was reported as a potent germination promoter from plant-derived smoke. In this study, a related butenolide, 3,4,5-trimethylfuran-2(5H)-one (2), which inhibits germination and signif...

[1] Large changes in surface‐level PM2.5 concentrations and columnar aerosol optical thickness (AOT) were observed downwind of fires that originated in Georgia and Florida during the April–May 2007 period. In order to quantify the impacts of these wildfires on particulate matter air quality, Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) simulations were conducted by adding hourly fire emissions deriv...

• Door opening scenarios for a metro train fire were studied. A theoretical model the inner carriage smoke propagation was developed. Experiments conducted control of fire. Critical velocities and confinement two door proposed. The critical velocity, velocity back-layering length are significant factors in tunnel This research aims to analysis correlation these 3 key parameters different during...

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) sensors have been used for more than a decade to aid in the detection and identification of diverse surface targets, topographical and geological features. Techniques for scene characterization can utilize individual or combinations of spectral bands to identify specific features in an image. This paper deals primarily with the problem of characterization of a partia...

Abstract New Zealand restiad bogs have histories of natural fire, which is reflected in the presence plant species with adaptations such as serotiny and fire‐stimulated flowering. The possibility fire‐cued germination has not been investigated bogs, despite its widespread occurrence other fire‐prone environments, globally. We performed a glasshouse experiment to assess role peat seed banks post...

In the subway station fires, the most immediate threat to passengers’ life is not the direct exposure to fire, but the smoke inhalation because it contains hot air and toxic gases. Theoretical analysis and CFD simulations are applied to analyze the various possible ventilation model and obtain the optimization of ventilation mode in the subway station fires. According to the structure character...

This study deals with the fire-adapted behaviour of three Australian fly species on freshly burnt areas in Western Australia. The smoke fly, Microsania australis Collart (Platypezidae), swarms in smoke plumes. Our field studies present new notes about the ecology of Microsania, especially with respect to its ecological niche. Additionally, Hypocerides nearcticus Borgmeier (Phoridae) aggregated ...