This paper presents electronic cash as a catalyst to electronic commerce. Electronic Cash facilitates business transactions not only between customers and merchants, but also between customer to customer transactions. This paper discusses a survey regarding electronic cash that was done in University of Puerto Rico in 2004. This survey analyses what the students think about electronic cash as a...

Though often analyzed separately, supply chain instability and customer demand interact through product availability. We investigate the feedback between supply chain performance and demand variability in a model grounded in a first-hand study of the hybrid push–pull production system used by a major semiconductor manufacturer. While customers’ response to variable service levels represents an ...

Bike Sharing Systems (BSSs) experience a significant loss in customer demand due to starvation (empty base stations precluding bike pickup) or congestion (full base stations precluding bike return). Therefore, BSSs operators reposition bikes between stations with the help of carrier vehicles. Due to unpredictable and dynamically changing nature of the demand, myopic reasoning typically provides...

We analyze consumers’ choice and overflow behavior between two potential market segments with different fares, capacity allocated, and then develop the optimal capacity and pricing polices assuming such consumers’ strategic behavior can be observed. Every consumer prefers to choose a fare to obtain their utmost value surplus, and select the second if the first-best choice cannot be satisfied. O...

Integrating customer contributions into new product development provides an effective approach for successful product innovation, but little academic research explicitly addresses appropriate customer integration strategies. To explore such strategies, this study investigates the impact of different customer contribution types and timing. An analysis of four case studies with industrial goods d...

This research paper identifies the functions and processes of branding in relation to the pharmaceutical industry with a comparison to the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry; using previous research demonstrating elements of branding being introduced in greater depth to the pharmaceutical industry; with the goal of adding measurability to ensure successful transition. The study consider...

The indicators used in economics to calculate the productivity scale are not always positive, therefore, existing models need to be developed to calculate the productivity scale for the semi-negative and semi-positive output index. However, companies with a lack of capacity need to achieve economies of scale and demand for realization simultaneously in the presence of a negative outflow index, ...

This paper presents a study of how the business models of organizations are getting transformed in the Marketspace created by the Internet and WWW. We use a model comprising the four P’s Product, Price, Promotion and Placement and one C Customer Relationship. We study how these four P’s and one C are being transformed by the fundamental characteristics of real-time interactivity and global conn...