Stephen Breyer, a judge of the US Supreme Court, wrote some fifteen years ago: »Scientific issues permeate the law (...). The law must seek decisions that fall within the boundaries of scientifically sound knowledge and approximately reflect the scientific state of the art (...). I believe that in this age of science we must build legal foundations that are sound in science as well as in law. S...

BACKGROUND There is a growing emphasis towards including patients in medical decision-making. However, not all patients are actively involved in such decisions. Research has so far focused mainly on the influence of patient characteristics on preferences for active involvement. However, it can be argued that a patient's social context has to be taken into account as well, because social norms a...

background : along with emersion of the internet, virtual education increasingly has been growing. many studies discussed this method and its impact on learning. present study investigated students’ attitude towards virtual education as well as its effect on learning. methods : this was a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study. the nursing students, who had selected fluids and electrolyte di...

AIM To investigate whether different sequences of 'change talk' utterances within a brief motivational intervention (BMI) are associated with drinking outcomes. DESIGN Speech content analysis of recorded BMI. SETTING BMI delivered in an emergency department for at-risk drinking. PARTICIPANTS Ninety-seven subjects who received a BMI. MEASUREMENTS Ninety-seven BMI were coded in duplicate ...

OBJECTIVE The study was conducted in order to discover the beliefs and attitude of the people towards wearing glasses in order to improve acceptance of glasses when prescribed thus reducing blindness and visual impairment due to uncorrected refractive errors. METHOD A cross sectional study of 198 participants using a pretested structured questionnaire was conducted during the parent-teacher a...

How can algebraic and coalgebraic specifications be integrated? How can behavioral equivalence be addressed in an algebraic specification language? The hidden-sorted approach, originating in work of Goguen and Meseguer in the early 80’s, and further developed into the hidden-sorted logic approach by researchers at Oxford, UC San Diego, and Kanazawa offers some attractive answers, and has been i...

introduction: breast milk is a complete food for growing children until 6 months of age, and mothers, as the most important child health care, play a decisive role in their growth. so promoting  their attitude toward the benefits of breastfeeding ensures guarantee child health in the future. this study aimed to assess maternal knowledge and attitude of mashhad toward exclusive bmf in the first ...