Şerʻî delillerin büyük bir kısmının sübût ve delâlet bakımından zannî olmasının yanında fıkhî meselelerin çözümünde kıyas gibi istidlâlî yöntemlerin çokça kullanılmış olması, mezhepler arasında ihtilaf eleştiri geleneğinin yerleşmesine yol açmıştır. Fıkhî arasındaki eleştiri, mezheplerin teşekkülüyle başlayıp günümüze kadar devam etmiştir. Mezhep imamları, kurucu olmaları hasebiyle kendilerine ...

A powerful representation is the attributed graph [1]. It is a structure composed by attributed parts (their color, shape, for instance), and attributed relations such as relative brightness, relative texture change, and relative positions, etc. We will call subgraphs of these attributed graphs “configurations”. This structured composition is convenient for representing contextual information i...

following the collapse of ussr, the usa, as a key player of the middle east region, claimed the leadership of the world unipolar system and, during the last two decades has attempted to restructure the region. to this end, the us has tried to put into practice a plan under the name the new middle east, inorder to maintain its presence and dominance over this strategic region with the aim of sec...

nuṣayrī-‘alawī is a shiite sect that the extremist-esoteric approach among them is highly visible. due to the mysterious nature of such these esoteric movements, a little work of nuṣayrī heritage is available to the public. a collection entitled silsilat al-turāth al-‘alawī has published in recent years which includes an abundant works of  nuṣayrī heritage. ḥaqāiq asrār al-dīn is one of them th...

throughout history there have always been debates and disagreements concerning the limits of the attributes of the purified imams (a.s.), whether within the shī‘ī circles or outside them. perhaps the most controversial of them has been the book published in recent years entitled, maktab dar farāyand-i takāmul (school in the process of evolution). in this research, with a critical review of the ...

In this article, I study how Imāmī imams ʿAlī al-Hādī (d. 868 CE) and al-Ḥasan al-ʿAskarī 874 attempted to police boundaries. While their excommunications have hitherto been treated through the lens of doctrinal discipline, argue that we should not situate doctrine within practice. Religious leaders like Imams used politics boundaries in order meet challenges authority. By studying acts excommu...

Government in Islam has long historical roots, starting from the reign of Prophet, companions, tabi'in, to Imams. The purpose this paper is describe main discussion research on concept state according Imam Ayatullah Khomeini and analysis Islamic political philosophy thoughts Ayatollah Khomeini. This a literature study, with qualitative methods, as knife analysis. finding study that Khomeini's v...