Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are promising lighting sources for general lighting applications with the promise of being more than ten times as efficient as incandescent lighting. Such characteristic combined with their long operating life and reliability has made them becoming a potential choice for next generation of lighting systems including automotive, emergency, backlight, indoor, and outd...

Visualization experiments were performed to examine whether acoustic bubbles play a role in ultrasonic water flow cleaning, as convention cleaning with baths. Schlieren visualization confirmed the standing-wave-like field that collides glass surface. Backlight showed cavitation appear spreading over These are found oscillate volume and move inside film thus expected active agents.

abstract the present article will discuss the issue of compensation in cases of expropriation and nationalization in the light of the iran-united states claims tribunal. it is a well recognized rule in international law that the property of alien cannot be taken without appropriate compensation. but, the standard of compensation for expropriated private property has been the subject of controv...

A two -dimensional non-observable square array illuminator using four polarized beams from two interferometers in tandem is reported. The array pattern could be scanned over large longitudinal distances without loss of distortion. Fringe visibility of interferograms has been studied as a function of polarization of the interfering beams. The expressions for the array patterns and the fringe vis...

Intelligent surveillance systems have been studied by many researchers. These systems should be operated in both daytime and nighttime, but objects are invisible in images captured by visible light camera during the night. Therefore, near infrared (NIR) cameras, thermal cameras (based on medium-wavelength infrared (MWIR), and long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) light) have been considered for usage...