The Reserve Bank of India and a closely associated institution, NABARD, have undertaken a wide range of activities designed to support microfinance. However, many of these have been "developmental" initiatives of a financially repressive nature (such as directed credit requirements and refinancing of loans to priority sectors) and have not contributed to the emergence of a sustainable microfina...

This has implications for the autonomy of these governments to make independent policy decisions. Taking advantage of the financial crisis faced by poor debtor countries, the World Bank and other international funders use the need for loans to impose conditionalities, including the adoption of various health sector reforms, even when these are not the best options for the particular country con...

This paper examines the nature of competition in the Spanish banking industry during the years before and after Spain joined the European Monetary Union (EMU). The paper models competition in a product-differentiated market where banks choose from a list of price (interest rates of loans and deposits) and non-price variables (branches, advertising, IT capital). The empirically estimated demand ...

We model the e ects on banks of the introduction of a market for credit derivatives; in particular, credit default swaps. A bank can use such swaps to temporarily transfer credit risks of their loans to others, reducing the likelihood that defaulting loans trigger the bank's nancial distress. Because credit derivatives are more exible at transferring risks than are other, more established tools...

— World Bank conditional loans might affect private investment in recipient countries not only through the funds they provide, but also via the policy conditions they include and the transfer of knowledge they imply. This work investigates the impact of these channels on private investment, considering also the particular effect of the formal commitment to reform, which necessarily comes along ...

Traditional monetary theory has largely ignored the role of bank equity. Bank-centred accounts of how monetary policy affects the real economy usually focus on the role of reserves and reserve requirements in determining the volume of demand deposits and, in the case of the bank lending channel, bank loans. As Benjamin Friedman (1991) observed, “Traditionally, most economists have regarded the ...

Currently, in Iran's banking system, non-repayment of facilities has become one of the biggest issues, and due to the lack of a proper system for proper allocation of facilities, they face a number of problems, including the problem of allocation of loans, the problem of failure to repay loans Of the central bank, or the amount of facilities increased from the amount of reimbursement. The solut...

Traditional monetary theory has largely ignored the role of bank equity. Bank-centred accounts of how monetary policy affects the real economy usually focus on the role of reserves and reserve requirements in determining the volume of demand deposits and, in the case of the bank lending channel, bank loans. As Benjamin Friedman (1991) observed, “Traditionally, most economists have regarded the ...