BACKGROUND Concomitantly recorded Bispectral Index® (BIS) and Entropy™ values sometimes show discordant trends during general anaesthesia. Previously, no attempt had been made to discover which EEG characteristics cause discrepancies between BIS and Entropy. We compared BIS and Entropy values, and analysed the changes in the raw EEG signal during surgical anaesthesia with sevoflurane. METHODS...

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PURPOSE OF REVIEW The demand of procedures performed on children outside the operating room setting often exceeds the capacity of anesthesia services. The number of children requiring sedation outside the traditional operating room is rapidly approaching the number of children requiring anesthesia in the operating room. We address some of the major issues and controversies in this continuously ...

UNLABELLED Memory for intraoperative events may arise from inadequate anesthesia when the hypnotic state is not continuously monitored. Electroencephalogram bispectral index (BIS) enables monitoring of the hypnotic state and titration of anesthesia to an adequate level (BIS 40 to 60). At this level, preserved memory function has been observed in trauma patients. We investigated memory formation...

References 1. Triltsch AE, Nestmann G, Orawa H, Moshirzadeh M, Sander M, Große J, Genähr A, Konertz W, Spies CD: Bispectral index versus COMFORT score to determine the level of sedation in paediatric intensive care unit patients: a prospective study. Crit Care 2005, 9:R9-R17 Correction Correction: Bispectral index versus COMFORT score to determine the level of sedation in paediatric intensive c...

INTRODUCTION Sedative and analgesic drugs are frequently used in critically ill patients. Their overuse may prolong mechanical ventilation and length of stay in the intensive care unit. Guidelines recommend use of sedation protocols that include sedation scores and trials of sedation cessation to minimize drug use. We evaluated processed electroencephalography (response and state entropy and bi...

Editor’s key points † Automatic feedback control depends on having a reliable, measurable control variable. † An automatic system for closed-loop administration of i.v. anaesthesia drugs was compared with manual control. † Bispectral index and a compound analgesia score were used as the target controls. † Time within excellent (≤10%) and good (11–20%) range of the two targets was better with th...

This paper presents the application of predictive control to drug dosing during anesthesia in patients undergoing surgery. A single-input (Propofol) singleoutput (Bispectral index) model of the patient has been assumed which includes the variable dead time caused by the measurement of the Bispectral index. A set of 12 patient models were studied. Inter-patient variability, varying dead time and...