In view of the importance of early diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM), the efficiency of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), one of the most reliable and sensitive DNA-based assays, was compared with conventional methods (acid-fast microscopy and culture) for the detection of M. tuberculosis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from patients suspected of TBM. Of the 29 CSF specim...

Early in development, the behavior of neuroepithelial cells is controlled by several factors, which act in a developmentally regulated manner. Diffusible factors are secreted locally by the neuroepithelium itself, although other nearby structures may also be involved. Evidence suggests a physiological role for the cerebrospinal fluid in the development of the brain. Here, using organotypic cult...

Anatomic, velocimetric, and brain motion MRI scans were combined with a computational fluid dynamics model to investigate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mixing in the third cerebral ventricle of a healthy male adult. It was found that advection dominates over diffusion in most of the third ventricle. Three zones where diffusion plays an important role in the mixing process were identified. One of th...

Scaffolds derived from decellularized tissues provide a natural microenvironment for cell culture. Embryonic cerebrospinal fluid (e-CSF) contains factors which play vital roles in development of the nervous system. This research was aimed to survey the effect of Wistar rat e-CSF on neural differentiation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) cultured on the human amniotic memb...

Relationships between concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) kynurenic acid (KYNA) and suicidal behavior were evaluated in 59 patients with psychosis after 22 years of follow-up. Three patients died from suicide and nine patients had a history of attempted suicide. Patients with attempted suicide had significantly lower concentrations of CSF KYNA.

Cefuroxime levels were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of four patients with traumatic brain injury following the implantation of intraventricular catheters. The levels ranged from 0.15 to 2.03 micrograms/mL in CSF and from 1.8 to 66.9 micrograms/mL in serum. No ventriculostomy related infections were detected.

Methods : In this prospective study conducted in a tertiary care public facility in New Delhi, India, PLHIV with chronic meningitis were screened for CM. A comparison of clinical assessment, Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis [cytology, biochemistry (sugar/protein), and microbiology (India ink staining/Latex Agglutination Test (LAT)], CSF and blood cultures and radiology (MRI brain) in 25 subje...

Here, we describe a newly diagnosed HIV-1-infected patient, in whom shortly after the initiation of a darunavir-based regimen, the HIV-1 virus exclusively mutated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), leading to an increase in CSF HIV-1 RNA load and neurological complaints.

Central nervous system tuberculosis (TB) was identified in 20 cases of unexplained encephalitis referred to the California Encephalitis Project. Atypical features (encephalitic symptoms, rapid onset, age) and diagnostic challenges (insensitive cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] TB PCR result, elevated CSF glucose levels in patients with diabetes, negative result for tuberculin skin test) complicated dia...