Biochemical conversion of wheat straw was investigated using hydrothermal pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, and microbial fermentation. Pretreatment conditions that were compared included autocatalyzed pretreatment at 160, 175, 190, 205 °C sulfuric-acid-catalyzed 160 190 °C. The effects different with regard to (i) chemical composition digestibility pretreated solids, (ii) carbohydrate ...

To achieve economically competitive biological hydrogen production, it is crucial to consider inexpensive materials such as lignocellulosic substrate residues derived from agroindustrial activities. It is possible to use (1) lignocellulosic materials without any type of pretreatment, (2) lignocellulosic materials after a pretreatment step, and (3) lignocellulosic materials hydrolysates originat...

BACKGROUND Ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment has shown great potential as a novel pretreatment technology with high sugar yields. To improve process economics of pretreatment, higher biomass loading is desirable. The goal of this work is to establish, the impact of high biomass loading of switchgrass on IL pretreatment in terms of viscosity, cellulose crystallinity, chemical composition, saccharif...

Particles of beech wood were treated with hot water at the temperature 150 oC, during 60 min, prior to pelleting process. The applied pretreatment affected chemical composition and heating value particles. Two groups pellets, designated as PT 10 20, produced from particles, moisture content particles being 10.5 20.5 %, respectively. Pellets nontreated (PNT) served controls assess effects on pel...

Gu, Qihai, Kevin Kwong, and Lu-Yuan Lee. Ca transient evoked by chemical stimulation is enhanced by PGE2 in vagal sensory neurons: role of cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. J Neurophysiol 89: 1985–1993, 2003. First published December 4, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00748.2002. The effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on chemical stimulation-evoked calcium (Ca 2 ) transient was investigated in isolated vagal sensory...

Anaphylactic shock is sometimes life-threatening, and it is accompanied by hepatic venoconstriction in animals, which, in part, accounts for anaphylactic hypotension. Roles of norepinephrine and α-adrenoceptor in anaphylaxis-induced hypotension and portal hypertension were investigated in anesthetized ovalbumin-sensitized Sprague-Dawley rats. The sensitized rats were randomly allocated to the f...

The present work investigated the coupling pretreatment of acid washing and torrefaction to address secondary cracking target products condensation intermediates improved bio-oil quality hydrocarbon selectivity catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) process. total yields in CFP increased from 28.06 wt% 55.31 by 46.29 pretreatment. resulted fewer acids phenols more sugars decreasing AAEMs. removal rate ...