1. introduction the concept of sustainable travel and transport is embedded in the broader concept of sustainable development, which relates to maintaining or improving the quality of human life and variety of social opportunities within the natural constraints and limits of the global ecosystem. the organization for economic cooperation and development (2004) defines an environmentally sustain...

As the pilgrims and tourists have been always present in Mashhad, meeting their needs has been constantly prioritized in urban planning especially the renewal and reconstruction projects carried out in the holy shrine surroundings. However, recent years have seen a change of perspective toward pilgrims. These changes have been induced by both global and national politics. That is why great chan...

background:globally, smoking is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality. it is also an important social determinant of health and the largest contributor to health inequalities. while several prevalence studies are conducted on special groups such as physicians, less such studies have been focused on deprived areas (areas with lacking adequate food, shelter, education, etc). the aim o...

b ackground: the objective of this investigation was to detect the presence of trichinella in some carnivores of mashhad in northeast of iran and to identify trichinella species circulating in this area. methods: the present study was carried out using muscle tissue collected from 120 stray dogs, 26 wild boars, 25 rodents, two foxes and two hyenas captured in mashhad city, province of khorasan ...

Background and Objectives: Cattle dermatophytosis (syn. cattle ringworm), an important skin infection, has received major consideration not only for economical losses in the animal breeding industry but also in regards to its zoonotic transmission to humans. For effective control measures, it is important to determine the disease prevalence in cattle herds. Materials and Methods: To determine r...

BACKGROUND The incidence of sexual transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV/AIDS is globally higher in young people. This study evaluated the prevalence of sexual reproductive behaviors among undergraduate students of Mashhad, Iran. METHODS The study was conducted on 605 students in twelve non-medical faculties of a great university of Mashhad. A self-administered questionnaire was completed on ...