[1] High spatial and temporal resolution elastic backscatter lidar data from Baltimore are analyzed with a near-end approach to estimate vertical profiles of the aerosol extinction coefficient. The near-end approach makes use of the (1) aerosol scattering coefficient measured at the surface with a nephelometer (0.530 mm), (2) surface level particle size distribution, and (3) refractive index ca...

The correlation coefficient between two variables (e.g., blood constituents) in normal individuals (or in patients) is usually estimated from measurements of both variables in single samples from the individuals studied. This coefficient is supposed to represent a correlation between the two variables withinthe average individual. However, unless all the subjects have identical mean values, the...

The congruence coefficient was first introduced by Burt (1948) under the name of unadjusted correlation as a measure of the similarity of two factorial configurations. The name congruence coefficient was later tailored by Tucker (1951, see also Harman, 1976). The congruence coefficient is also sometimes called a monotonicity coefficient (Borg & Groenen, 1997, p. 203). The congruence coefficient...

ABSTRACT-Determining hydraulic conductivity of soil is difficult, expensive, and time-consuming. In this study, Algorithm Genetic and geostatistical analysis and Neural Networks method are used to estimate soil saturated hydraulic conductivity using the properties of particle size distribution. The data were gathered from 134soil profiles from soil and lander form studies of the Ardabil Agricul...

The nonparametric minimax estimation of an analytic density at a given point, under random censorship, is considered. Although the problem of estimating density is known to be irregular in a certain sense, we make some connections relating this problem to the problem of estimating smooth functionals. Under condition that the censoring is not too severe, we establish the exact limiting behavior ...

The minimum averaged mean squared error nonparametric adaptive weights use data from m possibly different populations to infer about one population of interest. The definition of these weights is based on the properties of the empirical distribution function. We use the Kaplan-Meier estimate to let the weights accommodate right-censored data and use them to define the weighted Kaplan-Meier esti...

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention guidelines are generally based on the absolute risk of a CVD event, but there is increasing interest in using 'heart age' to motivate lifestyle change when absolute risk is low. Previous studies have not compared heart age to 5-year absolute risk, or investigated the impact of younger heart age, graphical format, and numeracy. OBJECTIVE Compa...

In survival analysis, often times the pattern of instantaneous risk over time is more interesting than that of the cumulative risk. For this case, a nonparametric hazard function estimate is more appropriate for summarizing the risk experience of a group of patients than the corresponding Kaplan-Meier estimate. In comparing a new treatment with a standard therapy, it is important to know if the...

OBJECTIVE To compare the absolute risk (AR) screening approach to the current approach of risk adjusted to maternal age in patients undergoing first-trimester screening (FTS). MATERIAL AND METHODS Three-stage retrospective analysis of 3073 pregnancies that had FTS during 2006-2007. (1) Distribution analysis of AR as defined by (final FTS risk)/(risk by age). (2) Analysis of the screen-positiv...