I’m often asked “What is the difference between a pattern and a framework?” According to the dictionary definition of a pattern, there isn’t much difference. The World Book Dictionary gives eleven noun definitions for pattern, including “a model or a guide for something to be made”, which certainly matches a framework. But even a macro or a C++ template is a pattern according to that definition...

Introduction The Language of Thought Hypothesis (LOTH) is a concept in cognitive science which describes mental activity in the brain as a form of language. The hypothesis was developed by Jerry Fodor in his book [1]. It states that the mind works with a language that is similar to regular languages, where an array of “words” together with syntactic and semantic rules make up the meaning of sen...

the construction industry is a major consumer of new materials. given that material production for construction work accounts for a significant percentage of all energy consumed nationally in newly developing countries, it becomes vital that the construction industry strives to reduce waste at all stages of construction. however, the importance of these construction wastes in terms of types and...

Legitimacy is always considered an important concept among basic topics of political science; since it has been already posed as the prerequisite of acceptability for exercising of power in the societies through history. Accordingly, all of the political philosophies made efforts to establish an intellectual apparatus that enforces the fundamentals of governance, dealt to some extent with the i...

When children learn the name of a novel object, they tend to extend that name to other objects similar in shape - a phenomenon referred to as the shape bias. Does the shape bias stem from learned associations between names and categories of objects, or does it derive from more general properties of children's understanding of language and the world? We argue here for the second alternative, pre...

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boplastin inhibitor, mechanism of clot formation, zeta-potential, the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, the role of platelets, and a synthetic anticoagulant. In addition, there is a special discussion of the general problem of standardization of thromboplastin. Those with a special interest in blood clotting from the clinical or laboratory standpoints can hardly afford to be unacquainted w...