In this paper, we extend the finance constrained economy proposed by Woodford (1986) to incorporate unions, imperfectly insured unemployment and transfers. We show that this simple extension of the Woodford model changes drastically its stability conditions and local dynamics around the deterministic steady state. By contrast to most related models in the literature, we find that sunspots and d...

Research centers have an important place in promoting science and technology nationwide. On the other hand, given the limitations in allocating the funds and the facilities needed to establish these centers, it is important to decide on the selection of priority centers. In this decision - making process, several factors, such as requirements, priorities and strategies, capabilities, and balanc...

The identification of parental inbred lines to develop superior hybrids is a rather costly and time-consuming step in maize breeding. In some cases, pedigree information has been used to select diverse parental lines. In the case of Iranian maize inbred lines, this information is not fully available. In this study we investigated the genetic distance (GD) based on Simple sequence Repeats (SSR) ...

Abstract Costly signaling theory of religion has been proposed to explain the evolutionary adaptiveness in general and, specifically, its prosocial effects, including relative longevity religious communes vis-à-vis their secular counterparts. This article focuses on two crucial aspects this relationship: features and functions signals mechanism through which translates into enhanced prosocialit...

Chemical assessments of forage clearly determine the forage quality; however, traditional methods of analysis are somehow time consuming, costly, and technically demanding. Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) has been reported as a method for evaluating chemical composition of agriculture products, food, and forage and has several advantages over chemical analyses such as conducting c...