A fundamental assumption made by classical AI planners is that there is no uncertainty in the world: the planner has full knowledge of the conditions under which the plan will be executed and the outcome of every action is fully predictable. These planners cannot therefore construct contingency plans, i.e., plans in which diierent actions are performed in diierent circumstances. In this paper w...

Over the last few years, the problem of voltage stability has received a lot of attraction from the power system community. This type of stability is now a major concern for utilities in both planning and operating conditions. Both static and dynamic aspects of the problem have been discussed and investigated by the researchers. The present paper concentrates on a Voltage Stability Analysis fun...

Flight dispatching is the set of tasks related to flight preparation, such as load and balance, meteorology study and briefing, operational flight planning, contingency analysis and planning, etc. The flight dispatcher must be in close contact with the pilot in command in order to verify that the airplane is airworthy, furnishing all kinds of information needed to properly operate the system. T...

a r t i c l e i n f o It is widely agreed that optimal procurement of reserves, with explicit consideration of system contingencies, can improve reliability and economic efficiency in power systems. With increasing penetration of uncertain generation resources, this optimal allocation is becoming even more crucial. Herein, a problem formulation is developed to solve the day-ahead energy and res...

Abstract Most construction projects suffer from many change orders during the period of project and that leads to allocate more funds cover these changes. Determining amount this fund by owner is difficult due uncertainties in project. On other side, allocated mean a restriction valuable money could be used for financial activities. In paper, proposed methodology suggested estimating contingenc...

The research on project schedule contingency suffers from three major shortcomings: (1) it only partly reflects the complexity arising high interdependencies among activities; (2) is predicated idea of closed systems and thus does not address interaction between a its environment; (3) sufficiently inform industry practices. This paper addresses these gaps by conceptually analytically linking vo...