Confinement may be more easily demonstrated at finite temperature using the Polyakov loop than at zero temperature using the Wilson loop. A natural mechanism for confinement can arise via the coupling of the adjoint Polyakov loop to F 2 μν . We demonstrate this mechanism with a one-loop calculation of the effective potential for SU(2) gluons in a background field consisting of a non-zero color ...

the convergence hypothesis maintains that an economy whose productivity lags behind other economies has a potential to grow faster. in other words, this economy can experience faster economic growth through absorbing, accepting, and using available technology experience. in this study, we have examined the relationship between tfp of industry sectors and regional convergence in iran's prov...

Confinement phenomenology characteristic of magnetically confined plasmas emerges naturally from a simple sandpile algorithm when the parameter controlling redistribution scale length is varied. Close analogs are found for enhanced confinement, edge pedestals, and edge localized modes (ELMs), and for the qualitative correlations between them. These results suggest that tokamak observations of a...

A selfconsistent model for charged particles, accounting for quantum confinement, diffusive transport and electrostatic interaction is considered. The electrostatic potential is a solution of a three dimensional Poisson equation with the particle density as the source term. This density is the product of a two dimensional surface density and that of a one dimensional mixed quantum state. The su...

We present a review of experimental, theoretical, and molecular simulation studies of confinement effects on freezing and melting. We consider both simple and more complex adsorbates that are confined in various environments (slit or cylindrical pores and also disordered porous materials). The most commonly used molecular simulation, theoretical and experimental methods are first presented. We ...

We report on the observation of confinement-induced resonances in strongly interacting quantum-gas systems with tunable interactions for one- and two-dimensional geometry. Atom-atom scattering is substantially modified when the s-wave scattering length approaches the length scale associated with the tight transversal confinement, leading to characteristic loss and heating signatures. Upon intro...

Stochastic effects from correlated noise non-trivially modulate the kinetics of non-linear chemical reaction networks. This is especially important in systems where reactions are confined to small volumes and reactants are delivered in bursts. We characterise how the two noise sources confinement and burst modulate the relaxation kinetics of a non-linear reaction network around a non-equilibriu...

The dependencies of energy confinement on the main engineering parameters have been investigated in the Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak (MAST) in H-mode by expanding operational space towards higher plasma currents (up to 1.2MA) and heating powers (up to 3.5MW). Multivariate fits show that the dependence of energy confinement time on plasma current Ip is weaker than linear while the dependence on...

Convergence is an issue being widely concerned about. Thus, in this paper, we mainly put forward two types of concepts of convergence in mean and convergence in distribution for the sequence of uncertain random variables. Then some of theorems are proved to show the relations among the three convergence concepts that are convergence in mean, convergence in measure and convergence in distributio...