Earlier work has confirmed that (i) observers can judge divergent receding lines, placed directly in front of them, to be parallel, and (ii) converging lines which are displaced laterally, so that they are viewed obliquely, can also be judged to be parallel. The former observation is in accord with traditional views of perspective while the latter, which is in accord with the depictions of obje...

Light scattering by a sphere has long been interest of studying and developing different microscopies that are used for studying different objects such as biological cells, molecules, atoms. The generalized Lorenz-Mie theory (GLMT) has been well developed for analyzing the scattering effects. In this paper, we present a novel interpretation of the scattering mechanism. A converging beam becomes...

Compressible gas flow inside a convergent-divergent nozzle and its exhaust plume atdifferent nozzle pressure ratios (NPR) have been numerically studied with severalturbulence models. The numerical results reveal that, the SST k–ω model give the bestresults compared with other models in time and accuracy. The effect of changes in value ofdivergence half-angle (ε ) on the nozzle performance, thru...

The present work numerically investigates vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) of a two-dimensional circular cylinder with an axisymmetric slit at Reynolds number 500. study examines the effects shape (i.e., converging, diverging, and parallel slits), effect slit-area ratios, slit-width, its angle freestream velocity on aerodynamic forces, vibration response, associated flow characteristics. results...

an attempt was made to investigate the thermal and residual stress distribution in a novel three layer (la 2 zr 2 o 7 / 8ysz/ nicraly) during a real-like heating regime which includes heating, service time and final cooling. for achieving maximum accuracy and consistency in calculation of thermal and mechanical properties of hybrid coating system, all related andrequired properties were introdu...