although the corrupted condition is not protected by sanctions, there are three beliefs as to whether its corruption (fasād) permeates the contract (‘aqd) or not: theory of fasād, theory of non-permeation of fasād, theory of detailed specification (tafṣīl). the proponents of the latter theory claim the total exclusion of the condition that causes disturbance in the basic components of the contr...

Background: In Asian countries, human trafficking is often encountered as forced labor, marriage, sex trafficking, men, women, and children exploitation. This review points out how activities are prevalent in countries also reveals different causes that the basis of increasingly such poverty, unemployment, political uncertainty, war, natural disaster, corruption weak...

Although there are elements for political development in Iraq ,The aggravation of the situation and failure to implement foundations, which led problems obstacles achieving development.
 There ways solve these obstacles, including: applying consensual democracy, abolishing principle quotas, expanding participation, implementing transitional justice, eliminating corruption all its forms, na...

The research presents an elaborated mapping of common social problems in Azerbaijan across country’s regions. Using a survey dataset 2161 respondents representing various socio-demographic categories the population, study borrows two-stage approach to identify “common” country. Primary findings are (1) "top 5" list includes inflation, unemployment, corruption, state education and health, povert...

Poaching for the illegal wildlife trade is most direct threat to persistence of Amur tigers. Despite recognition that reducing poaching necessary prevent extinction, motivations drive this activity are not well understood. Understanding behavior first critical step implementing tangible policy solutions. This study utilizes ethnographic methods gather empirical evidence about associated with an...

Public sector corruption has long-term and damaging effects that are deep and broad. Addressing corruption relies on understanding the drivers that precipitate acts of corruption and developing educational programs that target areas of vulnerability. This paper provides an innovative approach to explore the nature of corruption by drawing on the perceptions and ideas of a group of public servan...