Vegetation, soil and ecosystem level carbonyl sulfide (COS) exchange was observed at Duke Forest, a temperate loblolly pine forest, grown under ambient (Ring 1, R1) and elevated (Ring 2, R2) CO 2. During calm meteorological conditions, ambient COS mixing ratios at the top of the forest canopy followed a distinct diurnal pattern in both CO 2 growth regimes, with maximum COS mixing ratios during ...

Above-ground biomass (AGB) is an important indicator for monitoring crop growth and plays a vital role in guiding agricultural management, so it must be determined rapidly nondestructively. The present study investigated the extraction from UAV hyperspectral images of multiple variables, including canopy original spectra (COS), first-derivative (FDS), vegetation indices (VIs), height (CH) to es...

Abstract At present, saccharides as hydrophilic matrixes, have been gradually used in amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) for dispersing poorly water-soluble drugs without surfactants. In this study, an chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) was applied a matrix to form surfactant-free ASD via the ball milling vitrify quercetin (QUE) and enhance dissolution bioavailability. Solid-state characterization (...

All the reports to date on the anti-inflammatory activity of chitooligosaccharides (COS) are mostly based on in vitro methods. In this work, the anti-inflammatory activity of two COS mixtures is characterized in vivo (using balb/c mice), following the carrageenan-induced paw edema method. This is a widely accepted animal model of acute inflammation to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of dr...

This study proposes and empirically tests a research model regarding the use of electronic financial services based on the e-service acceptance model. The current study categorizes electronic financial services provided by banks into transaction-oriented services (TOS) and communication-oriented services (COS), in order to investigate the co-value creation phenomenon through customer participat...

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase is an enzyme of phagocytes that produces bactericidal superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) via an electrogenic process. Proton efflux compensates for the charge movement across the cell membrane. The proton channel responsible for the H(+) efflux was thought to be contained within the gp91(phox) subunit of NADPH oxidase, but recent data do not s...

*Carbonyl sulfide (COS) exchange in C(3) leaves is linked to that of CO(2), providing a basis for the use of COS as a powerful tracer of gross CO(2) fluxes between plants and the atmosphere, a critical element in understanding the response of the land biosphere to global change. *Here, we carried out controlled leaf-scale gas-exchange measurements of COS and CO(2) in representative C(3) plants ...

In this paper, we prove that for x ∈ (0,π/2) (cos p1x) 1/(3p1) < sinx x < (cos p0x) 1/(3p0) < · · · < e−x/6 < 2+ cos x

People can reach all kinds of information online including reviews and comments on products, movies, holiday destinations and so on. However, one usually need to go through the reviews to have an objective opinion the positive and the negative aspects of the item reviewed. We aim to provide a method that will extract positive and negative opinions on a specific aspect and compare them in an att...

Background A core outcome set (COS) is a minimal set of outcomes to be reported in a trial. Development is often challenging because patients and clinicians identify many important outcomes and prioritisation is difficult. Delphi surveys (with several rounds) are one approach for prioritising outcomes. Summarised participant responses are provided in subsequent ‘rounds’, allowing initial respon...