The lead liquid argon sampling calorimeter of the SLD detector is the largest det_ector employing cryogenic liquids now in operation. This paper details the design and performance considerations, the mechanical and cryogenic systems, the absorber design and tower segmentation, the data acquisition electronics, and the control systems of the detector. The initial operational performance of the d...

We report on the present state of commissioning of the cryogenic electrostatic trap for fast ion beams (CTF) at the Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik in Heidelberg. The device has recently passed a cryogenic test, during which the trap was cooled down by 1.8 K superfluid helium. No leaks of the helium supply system were observed, the temperature below 10 K was reached, and the required positio...

The effects of cryogenic injury on femoral blood vessels and nerves were studied in 28 rats. The femoral neurovascular bundles were dissected out bilaterally and the vessels and nerves subjected to cryogenic injury. The rats were sacrificed at intervals of up to 2 weeks. Damage to the nerves and to a number of femoral vessels was severe and included necrosis and thrombus formation. The results ...

Cryogenic, high-resolution X-ray detectors have potential applications in industrial .X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. We discuss various XRF analysis techniques currently used in the semiconductor industry, problems encountered clue to limitations of current detectors and the potential benefits of using cryogen ic detectors in these applications. We give examples of demonstration experiments...

Cryogenic fluid flows including liquid nitrogen and superfluid helium are a rich environment for novel scientific discovery. Flows can be measured optically and dynamically when faithful tracer particles are dispersed in the liquid. We present a reliable technique for dispersing commercially available fluorescent nanoparticles into cryogenic fluids using ultrasound. Five types of fluorescent na...

In some experiments and applications there is need for large-area photosensitive detectors to operate at cryogenic temperatures. Nowadays, vacuum PMs are usually used for this purpose. We have developed special designs of planar photosensitive gaseous detectors able to operate at cryogenic temperatures. Such detectors are much cheaper than PMs and are almost insensitive to magnetic fields. Resu...

We have been developing low power cryogenic readout electronics for space borne large format far-infrared image sensors. As the circuit elements, a fully-depleted-silicon-on-insulator (FD-SOI) CMOS process was adopted because they keep good static performance even at 4.2 K where where various anomalous behaviors are seen for other types of CMOS transistors. We have designed and fabricated sever...

Cryogenic machining is considered as the most sustainable alternative to conventional flood-cooled, near-dry and dry machining approaches in machining processes. This paper presents the application of a sustainability evaluation methodology for manufacturing processes, focusing on cryogenic machining processes. The methodology used here involves a metrics-based Process Sustainability Index (Pro...