Twenty children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in second (18 patients) or third (two patients) complete remission after bone marrow relapse received allogeneic bone marrow transplants from histocompatible sibling donors. The preparative regimen for marrow transplantation consisted of 12 doses of 3,000 mg/m2 cytosine arabinoside twice daily for six days followed by 1,200 cGy total-body irradi...

BCR-ABL fusion proteins exhibit elevated tyrosine kinase activity and transforming properties. Genetic and biochemical data suggest that Ras activation plays a central role in leukemogenic transformation by BCR-ABL. Imatinib (Novartis, Basel, Switzerland) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of BCR-ABL. Although imatinib has shown promise against Ph-positive leuke...

The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group conducted a randomized study to determine the efficacy of consolidation therapy in prolonging the duration of complete remission (CR) in adults with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Induction chemotherapy with daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside, and 6-thioguanine (DAT) yielded CR in 65% of 283 patients with ANLL, aged 16-69. For patients aged 60-69, t...

Patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia were given remission induction therapy consisting of cytosine arabinoside and an anthracycline. Those patients who experienced complete remission received two courses of consolidation therapy and were randomized to receive maintenance therapy consisting of either daily chemotherapy with reinforcements every 3 mo or reinforcement therapy only every 6 w...

The difference in the current cure rates between adult and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) may be caused by differences in drug resistance. Earlier studies showed that in vitro cellular drug resistance is a strong independent adverse risk factor in childhood ALL. Knowledge about cellular drug resistance in adult ALL is still limited. The present study compared the in vitro drug re...

The lethality for BALB/c mice of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, cytosine arabinoside, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea, hydroxyurea, mithramycin, a polymyxin-like antibiotic (SQ 21,286), polyadenylic polyuridylic acid, procarbazine, 5-[3,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-triazeno]-imidazole-4-carboxamide (TIC-mustard) or uracil arabinoside administered in combination with Escherichia co...

RUNX1 (AML1) encodes the core binding factor alpha subunit of a heterodimeric transcription factor complex which plays critical roles in normal hematopoiesis. Translocations or down-regulation of RUNX1 have been linked to favorable clinical outcomes in acute leukemias, suggesting that RUNX1 may also play critical roles in chemotherapy responses in acute leukemias; however, the molecular mechani...