Decentralization of decision-making is among the most intriguing recent school reforms, in part because countries went in opposite directions over the past decade and because prior evidence is inconclusive. We suggest that autonomy may be conducive to student achievement in welldeveloped systems but detrimental in low-performing systems. We construct a panel dataset from the four waves of inter...

We discuss stages of autonomy determination for software agents that manage and manipulate knowledge in organizations that house other software agents and human knowledge workers. We suggest recognition of potential autonomies in belief-desire-intention (BDI) paradigm and actual reasoning about autonomy choices decision theoretically. We show how agents might revise their autonomies in light of...

INTRODUCTION Millions of women have little health care decision making autonomy in many cultures and tribes. African women are often perceived to have little participation in health care decisions. However, little has been investigated to identify factors contributing to decision making autonomy. Hence, it is important to obtain information on the contributing factors of decision making autonom...

The recommended model for patient participation in medical decision-making is the shared decision-making model (SDM). That model is ambiguous as to how much physician influence on patient decision-making is desirable or permissible. Most discussants suggest that physician influence on medical decisions, while allowable, should be limited. Empirical studies of medical decision-making have shown ...

In any multi-actor environment, there is an inevitable trade-off between achieving global coordination of activities and respecting the autonomy of the actors involved. Agile and resilient behaviour demands dynamic coordination capabilities, but task and resource allocation quickly becomes a demanding challenge in joint NEC environments because of individual constraints and demands. In this pap...

Living with a life-threatening illness is extraordinarily challenging. This challenge intensifies when patients struggle to weigh personal and familial interests when facing difficult medical decisions. When patients are unduly pressured by their families to make medical decisions that are not in line with previously held values, beliefs, or perspectives, autonomy is compromised. A case example...