The physics of the unstable E-region plasma is based on the modified two stream, or Farley-Buneman, and the gradient drift instabilities. The theory combines both mechanisms into a single dispersion relation which applies for the directly generated short-scale plasma waves, known as type 1 irregularities. In the absence of a plasma gradient it is only the two stream mechanism acting which favor...

Interaction energies for a representative sample of 39 intermolecular complexes are calculated using two computational approaches based on the subsystem formulation of density functional theory introduced by Cortona (Phys. Rev. B 44:8454, 1991), adopted for studies of intermolecular complexes (Wesolowski and Weber in Chem. Phys. Lett. 248:71, 1996). The energy components (exchange-correlation a...

Computation of density gradient quantum similarity integrals is analyzed, while comparing such integrals with overlap density quantum similarity measures. Gradient quantum similarity corresponds to another kind of numerical similarity assessment between a pair of molecular frames, which contrarily to the usual up to date quantum similarity definitions are not measures, that is: strictly positiv...

Salinity gradient energy (SGE) refers to the energy created from the difference in salt concentration between two streams. There are three types of SGE namely, pressure retarded osmosis (PRO), reverse electrodialysis (RED), and capacitive mixing (CapMix). All these technologies require membrane for the system to be operational. In this short review, the membranes modifications for each principl...

We approximate the exchange-correlation energy of density functional theory as a controlled extrapolation from the slowly varying limit. While generalized gradient approximations (GGA’s) require only the local density and its first gradient as input, our meta-GGA also requires the orbital kinetic energy density. Its exchange energy component recovers the fourth-order gradient expansion, while i...

Mean shift clustering finds the modes of the data probability density by identifying the zero points of the density gradient. Since it does not require to fix the number of clusters in advance, the mean shift has been a popular clustering algorithm in various application fields. A typical implementation of the mean shift is to first estimate the density by kernel density estimation and then com...

A micro-enzymatic method was developed to measure total cholesterol (CHOL) and triglyceride (TG) in lipoproteins and their subfractions separated by density gradient ultracentrifugation. This method had a detection limit and sensitivity below 2 mg/dl and accuracy (bias to reference sera) and imprecision (coefficient of variation) of less than 3% between 2 and 30 mg/dl for both CHOL and TG. In a...

The effect of collisionality on a new nonlinear upshift of the critical density gradient for onset of Trapped Electron Mode (TEM) turbulence is investigated in detail. Both linear and nonlinear, high resolution simulations were performed on massively parallel computers using the gyrokinetic code, GS2. The TEM nonlinear upshift is analogous to the Dimits Shift for ion temperature gradient driven...

in this study, a three–layer artificial neural network (ann) model was developed to predict the pressure gradient in horizontal liquid–liquid separated flow. a total of 455 data points were collected from 13 data sources to develop the ann model. superficial velocities, viscosity ratio and density ratio of oil to water, and roughness and inner diameter of pipe were used as input parameters of t...