There are several ways that can be done to prevent the transmission of Covid-19, one which is by spraying disinfectant in surrounding environment and objects at risk transmitting virus. Making your own home actually using ingredients household cleaning products. However, many people from Panca Jaya village, Muara Kaman sub-district, Kutai Kartanegara district, still don't know how make a disinf...

This paper focuses on the development of a suitable Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) strategy for application to a system of inter-connected and distributed systems, as a basis for a fault-tolerant Network Control System (NCS) problem. The work follows a recent study showing that a hierarchical decentralized control system architecture may be suitable for fault-tolerant control (FTC) of a ne...

UV lamps are being increasingly used in the treatment of swimming pool water, mainly due to their abilities disinfect and effectively remove chloramines (combined chlorine). However, application a closed loop system, such as that which water is treated, creates conditions under chlorinated then also irradiated with UV. Thus, advanced oxidation process occurs, affects transformation organic matt...

Radiography plays a very important role in medical diagnosis but the equipment and accessories used bear a considerable risk of harbouring nosocomial bacteria which may complicate patient’s original condition. The aim of the study was to identify the nosocomial bacteria commonly found on x-ray equipment and accessories in this locality and assess the effectiveness of some common chemical disinf...

Dead-end sections of drinking water distribution networks are known to be problematic zones in terms of water quality degradation. Extended residence time due to water stagnation leads to rapid reduction of disinfectant residuals allowing the regrowth of microbial pathogens. Water quality models developed so far apply spatial aggregation and temporal averaging techniques for hydraulic parameter...

Effective and economical mycobactericidal disinfectants are needed to kill both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-M. tuberculosis mycobacteria. We found that acetic acid (vinegar) efficiently kills M. tuberculosis after 30 min of exposure to a 6% acetic acid solution. The activity is not due to pH alone, and propionic acid also appears to be bactericidal. M. bolletii and M. massiliense nontube...

Drinking water contaminated by microorganisms can be a major risk to public health. Disinfection is used to destroy microorganisms that are potentially dangerous to humans. In order to prevent bacterial regrowth, it is also desirable to maintain a disinfectant residual in the water distribution system. The most commonly used disinfectant is chlorine. If the dosing rate of chlorine is too low, t...