BACKGROUND Hepatitis D virus (HDV) DNA vaccine can produce Th1 and cytotoxic T-cell immune responses but only a low anti-HDV antibody titer is generated with a large hepatitis D antigen (L-HDAg) construct. In contrast, DNA vaccine expressing small hepatitis D antigen (S-HDAg) can generate a high titer of anti-HDV antibodies. Whether the low humoral immunity of L-HDAg DNA vaccine is due to inade...

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The current live-orthopoxvirus vaccine is associated with minor to serious adverse affects, and is contraindicated for use in a significant portion of the population. As an alternative vaccine, we have previously shown that a DNA subunit vaccine (4pox) based on four orthopoxvirus immunogens (L1R, B5R, A27L and A33R) can produce protective immunity against lethal orthopoxvirus challenges in mice...

We report the preparation of two linear constructs which, when transformed into the procyclic form of Trypanosoma brucei, become stably inherited artificial mini-chromosomes. Both of the two constructs, one of 10 kb and the other of 13 kb, contain a T.brucei PARP promoter driving a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. In the 10 kb construct the CAT gene is followed by one hygromycin ph...

The molecular determinants necessary and sufficient for recognition of its specific DNA target are contained in the C-terminal domain (H-NSctd) of nucleoid-associated protein H-NS. H-NSctd protects from DNaseI cleavage a few short DNA segments of the H-NS-sensitive hns promoter whose sequences closely match the recently identified H-NS consensus motif (tCG(t/a)T(a/t)AATT) and, alone or fused to...