Although set-up costs are prevalent and substantial in natural resource extraction, their analysis in decentralized markets is difficult. In particular, it is known that a Walrasian competitive equilibrium cannot exist in simple extraction models with set-up costs thus rendering standard competitive equilibrium analysis inapplicable. However, this paper demonstrates that this result is sensitiv...

Cold storage devices such as tape and optical discs are a good solution for reducing the total cost of ownership for storing data. However, there is a drawback in that media and drives are separated, and placing media into drives when accessing data needs a few minutes of time. Though placing correlated data together in the same medium reduces media exchange, multidimensional searches disrupt i...

Ownership types promise to provide a practical mechanism for enforcing stronger encapsulation by controlling aliasing in objectoriented languages. However, previous ownership type proposals have tied the aliasing policy of a system to the mechanism of ownership. As a result, these proposals are too weak to express many important aliasing constraints, yet also so restrictive that they prohibit m...

The governance life-cycle, is here defined as changes in ownership structure, and including both the identity of the major owner and ownership concentration. The cycle is marked by key events and phases including start-up, initial growth, mature growth, and possibly a crisis and restructuring stage or exit stage. The governance cycle for transitional countries reflects some specific characteris...

We show that the allocation of ownership matters even in long-term relationships where problems of opportunism are less severe unless the agents are very patient. Ownership structure is chosen to give agents the best incentives to cooperate. The optimal ownership structure of the static game restricts the gain from deviation to be the lowest but also the punishment will be minimal. The worst ow...

This study investigates how variations in family ownership configurations and identity of the CEO affect firms’ accounting conservatism East Asian economy, Taiwan. To address this objective, extends traditional agency perspective employs a socioemotional wealth framework. Findings document that is positively associated with conservatism, whereas degree of disparity between cash flow voting...

This is the first study to examine the valuation effects of any antitakeover amendment on both bondholders and stockholders. We present new evidence documenting that, on average, there is a significant wealth loss experienced by bondholders at poison pill adoption announcement, while stockholders are unaffected. Our finding of significant bondholder losses is consistent with the proposed negati...

We present new comparable data on the incidence of performance pay schemes in Europe and the USA. We find that the percentage of employees exposed to incentive pay schemes ranges from around 10-15 percent in some European countries to over 40 percent in Scandinavian countries and the US. Individual pay and profit/gain sharing schemes are widely diffused, whereas share ownership schemes are much...

Qu ua an nt tu um m C Co om mp pu ut te er rs s a an nd d Q Qu ua an nt tu um m C Co om mp pu ut te er r L La an ng gu ua ag ge es s: : Q Qu ua an nt tu um m A As ss se em mb bl ly y L La an ng gu ua ag ge e a an nd d Q Qu ua an nt tu um m C C * * ABSTRACT We show a representation of Quantum Computers defines Quantum Turing Machines with associated Quantum Grammars. We then create examples of Q...