A survey of the spatial and temporal behavior of the atmospheric general circulation as it relates to both polar regions is presented. The review is based on the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) 40-year reanalysis (ERA-40), updated using ECMWF operational analyses. The analysis spans 1960–2005 in the Northern Hemisphere, but is restricted to 1979–2005 in the Southern H...

Boundary-layer wind associated with extratropical cyclones (ETCs) is an essential element for posing serious threats to the urban centers of eastern North America. Using a similar methodology tropical cyclone (TC) risk (i.e., hurricane tracking approach), ETC can be accordingly simulated. However, accurate and efficient assessment field inside currently not available. To this end, knowledge-enh...

In this research, the observation datasets from 106 gauge stations over central and eastern areas of Tibetan Plateau (TP) ERA (ECMWF Re-Analysis)-Interim reanalysis in summers 1981–2016 are used to study characteristics synoptic patterns extreme precipitation events TP. By using a modern statistical method, abnormal circulation at high, middle, low latitudes Northern Hemisphere during central-e...

Precipitation is a key component of the hydrological cycle and one most important variables in weather climate studies. Accurate reliable precipitation data are crucial for determining trends variability. In this study, eleven different datasets compared, six reanalysis five observational datasets, including ERA5 WFDE5 from ECMWF family, to quantify differences between widely used identify thei...

Abstract. The intensity and position of the Southern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex edge is evaluated as a function equivalent latitude over period 1979–2020 on three isentropic levels (475, 550, 675 K) from ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis. study also includes an analysis onset breakup dates vortex, which are determined wind thresholds (e.g., 15.2, 20, 25 m s−1) along edge. stronger in late...

Abstract. Climate change is set to affect extreme climate and meteorological events. The combination of interacting physical processes (climate drivers) across various spatial temporal scales resulting an event referred as compound event. complex geography topography Greece forms a variety regions with different local conditions affecting the daily minimum temperature precipitation distribution...

In this article global estimates of 100-yr return values of wind speed and significant wave height are presented. These estimates are based on the ECMWF 40-yr Re-Analysis (ERA-40) data and are linearly corrected using estimates based on buoy data. This correction is supported by global Topographic Ocean Experiment (TOPEX) altimeter data estimates. The calculation of return values is based on th...