The tax gap is a phenomenon experienced by revenue collection agencies which describes the difference between the taxes due, as prescribed by legislation, and the actual taxes collected. The tax gap is mostly a result of taxpayer non-compliance, such as the failure to submit a tax return. Recent theories suggest that a taxpayer’s social structure is a significant determinant of a taxpayer’s att...

Addition, as one of the fundamental math operations, is applied widely in Very-large-scale integration systems and digital signal processing, such that computational speed a system depends mainly on its adders. There are various types adders based different methods. A novel adder proposed which performs addition path with fewer number levels, and, hence, higher lower power consumption. The goal...