We estimate freezeout conditions for s, c, and b quarks in high energy nuclear collisions. Freezeout is due either to loss of thermal contact, or to particles “wandering” out of the region of hot matter. We then develop a thermal recombination model in which both single-particle (quark and antiquark) and two-particle (quark-antiquark) densities are conserved. Conservation of twoparticle densiti...

We study the dynamics of a classical particle moving in a punctured plane under the influence of a strong homogeneous magnetic field, an electrical background, and driven by a time-dependent singular flux tube through the hole. We exhibit a striking classical (de)localization effect: in the far past the trajectories are spirals around a bound center; the particle moves inward towards the flux t...

The energy and particle lifetime scalings in a field-reversed configuration (FRC) are shown to depend on transport regimes and geometric parameters. The improved formulas have been compared with other empirical and theoretical scaling laws. The result is that confinement time dependence agrees with experimental measurements (for the present status of the experiments Ti ≤ 1 keV and s > 1) of ene...

For economic benefit of wind power generation, the equivalent conversion relationships and models between the different “quality” energy are studied deeply in the conversion processes of wind energy. Considering the effect of load demand characteristics and energy supply price on the wind energy utilization mode comprehensively, the multi-objective trans-utilization optimization model of wind e...

for a simple connected graph $g$ with $n$-vertices having laplacian eigenvalues‎ ‎$mu_1$‎, ‎$mu_2$‎, ‎$dots$‎, ‎$mu_{n-1}$‎, ‎$mu_n=0$‎, ‎and signless laplacian eigenvalues $q_1‎, ‎q_2,dots‎, ‎q_n$‎, ‎the laplacian-energy-like invariant($lel$) and the incidence energy ($ie$) of a graph $g$ are respectively defined as $lel(g)=sum_{i=1}^{n-1}sqrt{mu_i}$ and $ie(g)=sum_{i=1}^{n}sqrt{q_i}$‎. ‎in th...

the biopolymer-based nanocomplexes are a group of nanocapsules that are used for encapsulation and control delivery of nutraceuticals. they are formed by binding of proteins and polysaccharides. in this study, complex formation between pectin and sodium caseinate was taken place by addition of pectin solutions(0.2, 0.45 and 0.7 % w/v) into the caseinate solutions (0.5, 1 and 1.5 % w/v) and adju...

Microparticles are widely used as solid phase for affinity-based separation. Here, we introduce a new method for automated handling of microparticles in centrifugal microfluidics that is not restricted by the particle size and requires neither auxiliary means such as magnets nor coating of microfluidic structures. All steps are initiated and controlled by the speed of rotation only. It is based...

the energy loss of a 3-dimensional harmonic oscillator due to the quadrupole radiation in quadratic f (r) gravity is calculated.