Scratching skin induces vasodilatation on the line of stroke and in the surrounding tissue. Vascular network has been described using a model consisting of three layers. First and last layer presenting irrigation and drainage of the system, are described as horizontal bidimensional porous media. Intermediate layer, described by means of compartments, does not allow horizontal fluxes. Mechanical...

Introduction: Due to the prevalence of skin problems in patients after radiotherapy, skin dose measuring is importance. Content: Skin in vivo dosimetry means measuring the patient's (or phantom) skin dose during radiotherapy. According to the ICRP 59, the dose at the depth of 0.07 mm is known as a skin dose. The most radiosensitive epidermis cells are located...

background: pregnant women are sometimes exposed to ionizing radiation in radiology examinations for various reasons. in such cases, the radiation dose to the conceptus and subsequent risks should be estimated. objective: the purpose of this study was the calculation and presentation of fetal dose and subsequent risks resulted from different x-ray examinations. materials and methods: an analyti...

INTRODUCTION Radiation dose to patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography (ICA) is relatively high. Guidelines suggest that a local benchmark or diagnostic reference level (DRL) be established for these procedures. This study sought to create a DRL for ICA procedures in Queensland public hospitals. METHODS Data were collected for all Cardiac Catheter Laboratories in Queensland public h...

Background: Skin cancer can be treated by various methods. Electron radiotherapy has been a useful therapeutic modality in the treatment of skin cancers in areas which are difficult to cure by other methods. Depth dose distribution of 166Ho using VARSKIN2 code is presented in this work. Material and Methods: Depth dose distribution of 166Ho was calculated, using VARSKIN2 code by adding...

BACKGROUND Radiation skin injuries have been reported as a result of various procedures, so in the present study the patients' entrance skin dose (ESD) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS ESDs were assessed during 97 procedures (13 for chronic total occlusion (CTO), 14 for multivessel stenoses, 22 for single-vessel multiple stenoses, and 48 for s...

The purpose of this study is to survey image quality and patient doses in radiographic examinations and to perform comparisons with the international Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs). This study is part of an International Atomic energy Agency (IAEA) project (RAF/9/033) and one public hospital and two private hospitals were selected. The rate of unsatisfactory images and image qualities grade...

Introduction: Paediatric patients deserve special attention because of the higher radiation risks compared with adults. The main purpose of this study is to determine patient dose and diagnostic reference level for Paediatric through Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) calculations in common X-ray examination and to establish Paediatric national DRLs in digital radiography in Iran. <...