We examine the paradox of the surprise examination using dynamic epistemic logic. This logic contains means of expressing epistemic facts as well as the effects of learning new facts, and is therefore a natural framework for representing the puzzle. We discuss a number of different interpretations of the puzzle in this context, and show how the failure of principle of success, that states that ...

Abstract This paper analyses the preverbal morpheme te, used in both apprehensive ‘precautioning’ sentences and one of two prohibitive constructions Papapana (papa1265, Austronesian, Oceanic; Papua New Guinea). I aim to establish whether there is a diachronic relationship between functions te , which direction, how why semantic change may have occurred. requires consideration synchronic differe...

A number of individuals and organizations have considerable influence over the selection of global health priorities and strategies. For some that influence derives from control over financial resources. For others it comes from expertise and claims to moral authority—what can be termed, respectively, epistemic and normative power. In contrast to financial power, we commonly take for granted th...

In the present paper, we introduce a multi-type display calculus for dynamic epistemic logic, which we refer to as Dynamic Calculus. The displayapproach is suitable to modularly chart the space of dynamic epistemic logics on weaker-than-classical propositional base. The presence of types endows the language of the Dynamic Calculus with additional expressivity, allows for a smooth proof-theoreti...

Dynamic epistemic logic, broadly conceived, is the study of logics of information change. In this first paper, I introduce the basic logical systems for reasoning about the knowledge and beliefs of a group of agents.

In this article, I show that (i) from what call a “Kripkean” account of the relations between conceivability and metaphysical necessities, (ii) an apparently plausible principle relating epistemic modality, (iii) duality modalities, one can utterly anti-Kripkean result every necessity is necessity. My aim to present diagnose problem evaluate costs some possible Kripkean reactions. particular, w...

Public announcements are used in dynamic epistemic logic to model certain kinds of information change. A formula 〈ψ〉φ represents the statement that after ψ is publicly announced φ will be the case. Sometimes we want to reason about whether it is possible for φ to become true after some announcement. In order to do this an arbitrary public announcement operator ♦ can be added to an epistemic log...