Studies of the binding of [3H]acetylcholine to receptor-rich membranes of Torpedo californica electric organ under conditions that normally lead to a state of equilibrium did not give rise to equilibrium binding curves. Instead, the acetylcholine receptor was found to develop very long lived metastable states resulting in hysteresis in binding. Under conditions where the concentration of free [...

For marine deposit-feeding invertebrates, the distribution of species with different life history strategies has long been known to be correlated with sediment organic concentration. Large populations of opportunistic species are found in sediments with enriched organic concentration, while equilibrium species populate low organic concentration sediments. Differences in both behavioral (e.g. fe...

in this work, the removal of copper from an aqueous solution by granular activated carbon (gac) in the presence of competitor ions was studied. a batch adsorption was carried out and different parameters such as ph, contact time, initial copper concentration and competitor ions concentration were changed to determine the optimum conditions for adsorption. the optimum ph required for maximum ads...

the adsorption study was conducted on three japanese soils with different soil properties to characterize the adsorption pattern of arsenic (as). double tube method was used to find out the effect of soil moisture levels on as adsorption. for this study, besides double tube method, conventional batch method also was used. the as adsorption showed two phase kinetics. an initial and rapid adsorpt...

The present study investigates the potential applicability of the extracted pectin from sour orange pomace as adsorbent for Ni (II) removal from aqueous solution. Pectin extraction from the pomace was carried out using HCl and the highest pectin extraction yield of 26.75% was obtained. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis confirmed that the structure of the extracted pect...

In this work, two clay-based composites are prepared for the adsorptive removal of the chloride ions from aqueous solutions. These composites are characterized through Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The effects of different parameters such as the contact time, amount of adsorbent, chlo...

This paper develops a theory of the firm, and equilibrium credit rationing mechanisms in oligopoly with R&D-product market competition. Credit rationing arises from a hold-up problem between wealth-constrained entrepreneurs and external investors. Underinvestment occurs if entrepreneurial wealth constraint is binding, even though the equilibrium corporate governance structure addresses the hold...

(b) Sedimentation equilibrium: an experiment performed at a lower speed so that the sedimentation and backdiffirsion forces are of comparable magnitudes and therefore give rise to an equilibrium distribution of solute concentration. Because there is no net transport at equilibrium, shape effects do not come into play and the distribution becomes an absolute function of molecular mass for a sing...

The classical Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium describes excess osmotic pressure associated with confined colloidal charges embedded in an electrolyte solution. In this work, we extend this approach to describe the influence of multivalent ion binding on the equilibrium force acting on a charged rod translocating between two compartments, thereby mimicking ionic effects on force balance during in vitro...

The biosorption of nickel(II) ions by deactivated protonated yeast was investigated with respect to the initial pH and initial metal ion concentration. The kinetics of sorption was also followed based on the amounts of metal sorbed at various time intervals for different yeast doses. The equilibrium data could be fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption capacity was pH dependent wi...