Various software development factors are usually assumed to have differing degrees of influence on actual effort. For example, in the measurement of Function Points the ISBSG suggest that different allowances should be made for different types of programming language; and, calibration of MK II Function Points to different problem domains is also advised. We examine a data source (which comprise...

In order to meet usability requirements, most logic-based applications provide explanation facilities for reasoning services. This holds also for Description Logics, where research has focused on the explanation of both TBox reasoning and, more recently, query answering. Besides explaining the presence of a tuple in a query answer, it is important to explain also why a given tuple is missing. W...

In order to meet usability requirements, most logic-based applications provide explanation facilities for reasoning services. This holds also for DLs, where research focused on the explanation of both TBox reasoning and, more recently, query answering. Besides explaining the presence of a tuple in a query answer, it is important to explain also why a given tuple is missing. We address this latt...

We consider first order modal logic C firstly defined by Carnap in “Meaning and Necessity” [1]. We prove elimination of nested modalities for this logic, which gives additionally the Skolem-Löwenheim theorem for C. We also evaluate the degree of unsolvability for C, by showing that it is exactly 0′. We compare this logic with the logics of Henkin quantifiers, Σ1 logic, and SO. We also shortly d...

metamorphosis of human is of those subjects mentioned in the holy qur'an. it is essentially different with what meant by incarnation in other religions and schools. different views have been expressed about what the explanation of metamorphosis is, and how the change and conversion happens, whether it is external and in the appearance, or it is internal and in the character of human. this ...

translation includes delicate points that if being ignored, it will damage the text and its meaning. one of these main points is the social dialect which should be considered in translation, just like geographical dialects. the social dialects that sometimes create the main body of a story introduce characters and contain important information concerning the speakers. the following article is c...