all living organisms are exposed to ionizing radiation comprising cosmic rays coming from outer space, terrestrial nuclides occurring in the earth’s crust, building materials, air, water and foods and in the human body itself. the exposures are constant and uniform for all individuals everywhere including the dose from ingestion of 40k in food. cosmic rays are, more intense at higher altitudes,...

introduction patient set-up optimization is required in radiotherapy to fill the accuracy gap between personalized treatment planning and uncertainties in the irradiation set-up. in this study, we aimed to develop a new method based on neural network to estimate patient geometrical setup using 4-dimensional (4d) xcat anthropomorphic phantom. materials and methods to access 4d modeling of motion...

background: induced pluripotent stem cells (ipscs) can be obtained from autologous cells for therapeutic purposes. so, far, many studies have been done to produce induced pluripotent cells by transferring specific pluripotency genes using different methods. in this study, pluripotency gene expression induced by external stresses was assessed in cord blood mononuclear cells. methods: in this exp...

background: the present paper focuses on approaching the context and the actual manner of applying a method, known to be efficient and with a solid scientific background, on the institutional level of healthcare in romania. methods: the analyses and correlations developed by the author have taken into account the latest editions of the journals and publications of these institutions, such as st...

quality assurance as a comprehensive term encompasses all policies, processes and actions maintaining and developing higher education quality. quality assurance emphasizes on external goals of evaluation, one of which is to assure learners, public and government that each unit, department, program or institution manages its quality. thus quality assurance focuses on accountability. this article...

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the main purpose of this paper is survy of factors associated with reliance of external auditors on entenal adutors work , reliance on internal auditors work has significant influence on cost saving and obtaining more services to client with the same cost. optimal utilization of internal audit work can improve both the efficiency and the effectiveness of external audits and can enhance the valu...

This paper focuses on internal and external factors, which influence the inflation rate in developing countries. A monetary model of inflation rate, capable of incorporating both monetary and fiscal policies as well as other internal and external factors, was developed and tested on Iranian data. It was found that, over the long run, a higher exchange rate leads to a higher price and that the f...