as far as bandura’s (1977) conceptualization of the sense of self-efficacy is concerned, it is argued to be context- and even task-specific, compared to other concepts like self-esteem (brown, 2000); therefore, upon the previous research studies, related theories and definitions, and the ideas and views obtained from the interviews conducted with the scholars, the current research study aimed a...

  Background and Purpose: Chronic diseases such as heart failure could disrupt mental, physical, and spiritual health. Religious practices such as prayer enhance spiritual energy and create positive attitude in patients. We aimed to investigate the effects of prayer on spiritual health of patients with chronic heart failure. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried o...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of marital conflicts in the relationship between communication beliefs, emotional disorders, marital relations with marital satisfaction of addicted women with addicted spouses. Method: The research method was descriptive and correlational. For this purpose, 100 women with addicted spouses referring to addiction treatmen...

What is the role of couples’ attachment styles in marital relationships? What is the role of religious commitment in decreasing or increasing the quality of marital relationships among intact couples and couples with insecure attachment styles? In response to these questions, the present study was designed to investigate the moderating role of religious commitment on the relationship betw...

The present study examined the relationship between early maladaptive schemas with marital conflict and instability in the couples of applicant of divorce and normal couples in Rasht. This study was a causal-comparative design. The study samples consisted of couples of applicant of divorce were referred to family court in Rasht and normal couples. 75 couples were selected randomly among the cou...