France had 65.3 million inhabitants as of 1 January 2012, including 1.9 million in the overseas départements. The population is slightly younger than that of the European Union as a whole. Population growth continues at the same rate, mainly through natural increase. There are now more African than European immigrants living in France. Fertility was practically stable in 2011 (2.01 children per...

In the 18th and 19th century of English literature, there were two generations of English Romantic poetry in Britain, who have produced great influences on the literature world. Those romantic poets were inspired more or less by the French Revolution, and advocated to the people to pursue beauty and inner freedom in nature or art. The most extraordinary features found in their poems are the abu...

I will observe to you that wonderful improvements are making here in various lines. In architecture the wall ofcircumvallation round Paris and the palaces by which we are to be let in and out are nearly compleated [sic], 4 hospitals are to be built instead ofthe old Hotel-Dieu, one of the old bridges has all it's [sic] houses demolished and a second nearly so, a new bridge is begun at the Place...

This paper grounds the critique of the reduction of regions in a country , not only in its geographical and social context but also in its entropic space. The various recent plans leading to the reduction of the number of regions in metropolitan France are discussed, based on the mere distribution in the number of municipalities in the plans and analyzed according to various distribution laws. ...

We develop a model of electoral competition in which citizens choose whether or not to run as candidates; a winner implements her favorite policy. The equilibrium number of candidates depends negatively on the cost of running and positively on the beneets of winning. For some parameter values all equilibria under plurality rule have exactly two candidates, whose positions are distinct. Two-cand...

In this article the structure of subjective well-being (SWB), the relationship between household income and SWB and mean differences in components of SWB in China and the USA are investigated. Both China and the USA were characterized in a three-factor model of SWB (life satisfaction, positive affect and negative affect). Household income was more strongly positively correlated with the three m...

Efficient cooperation requires effective coordination of individual contributions to the cooperative behaviour. Most social birds and mammals involved in cooperation produce a range of vocalisations, which may be important in regulating both individual contributions and the combined group effort. Here we investigate the role of a specific call in regulating cooperative sentinel behaviour in pie...

The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the different properties of the operation Move before and after Spell-Out can be grounded in independently motivated properties of the minimalist program. To this end I will address two potential problems for the requirement that derivations must be uniform: (i) the obligatory nature of pied-piping prior to Spell-Out and (ii) the obligatory elim...