using gaussian 03, software the thermodynamic functions such as gibbs free energy, g, enthalpy, h, and entropy, s, of alanine and valine amino acids were theoretically studied at different solvents. first, the density functional theory (b3lyp) level with 3-21g, 6-31g and 6-31+g basis sets were employed to optimization of isolated alanine and valine amino acids in the gas phase. moreover, vib...

the difficulty of assessing the writing skill is well known. different testing facets seem to affect the result of assessing the writing skill. in addition to the writer’s ability, the topic of the writing task, and methods of rating may contribute to the writer’s score. in this study, 50 efl learners wrote four different types of writing tasks (convincing, describing, instructing, and explaini...

Let A be a Banach algebra. We call a pair (G,A) a Gelfand theory for A if the following axioms are satisfied: (G 1) A is a C∗-algebra, and G : A → A is a homomorphism; (G 2) the assignment L 7→ G−1(L) is a bijection between the sets of maximal modular left ideals of A and A, respectively; (G 3) for each maximal modular left ideal L of A, the linear map GL : A/G−1(L) → A/L induced by G has dense...