The South Pars zone in Iran encompasses the largest gas refineries and petrochemical complexes in the world. In the South Pars zone, elevated concentrations of reactive hydrocarbons co-emitted with nitrogen oxides from industrial facilities lead to substantial ozone production downwind. To understand the role of these emissions on the ozone formation and, to formulate appropriate control st...

Reduction of energy consumption and CO2 emissions are recognized as important issues in today’s world. In addition, oil and gas companies are looking for ways to increase their capacity and maximize system uptime in order to meet the global energy demand. To realize these goals, oil and gas facilities are looking for 261 STUDY OF LARGE VSI DRIVE SYSTEM FOR OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY

In many European countries, natural gas-fired power plants are considered a possibility to quickly compensate the expected shortfall in electric energy supply. Increasing gasfired generation capacity would also increase the couplings and interactions between gas and electricity systems. So far, gas power plants participate in two different markets gas and electricity. Coupling these markets by ...

An auction of carbon permits is the best way to achieve carbon caps set by international negotiation to limit global climate change. To minimize administrative costs, permits would be required at the level of oil refineries, natural gas pipe lines, liquid sellers, and coal processing plants. To maximize liquidity in secondary markets, permits would be fully tradable and bankable. The government...

HE BIGGEST increases in demand for oil and gas are occurring in the developing world, which is also where most of the world’s proven oil and gas reserves are located. International energy companies—investors, equipment suppliers, contractors, and consulting firms—are therefore shifting their attention from Europe and North America to developing countries, which are likely to offer more business...