This review examines the merits of 'food addiction' as an explanation of excessive eating (i.e., eating in excess of what is required to maintain a healthy body weight). It describes various apparent similarities in appetites for foods and drugs. For example, conditioned environmental cues can arouse food and drug-seeking behaviour, 'craving' is an experience reported to precede eating and drug...

Test and experimentation are integral to the capability development process. This is the second of a two-part discussion on experimentation. This article considers the similarities and differences between experimentation and testing. While the two endeavors address different questions and exhibit some differences in the planning and execution process, overall similarities outweigh differences e...

Similarities have been observed between the changes associated with ageing and the symptoms of growth hormone (GH) deficiency. Changes such as increased fat mass and decreased muscle mass occur both in GH-deficient patients and in otherwise healthy elderly individuals. Moreover, ageing is associated with decreasing GH and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels. It has been suggested, there...

The past year has seen the emergence of a new and terrible crisis in world health. Notably, the dramatic spread of the Ebola virus in numerous countries in Western Africa has wreaked havoc throughout that region and brought panic and fear to millions of people around the world. There are, in fact, numerous parallels between people’s attitudes towards Ebola virus and its victims today that remin...

The article describes the characteristics of Schmallenberg and Akabane viruses that cause disease in cattle, sheep and goats. Сlinical symptoms of the diseases are described. The measures for the prevention, control and eradication of Schmallenberg and Akabane viruses are discussed. Despite the relationship of Schmallenberg and Akabane viruses and a similarity of the clinical picture and pathol...

One of the many conditions associated with ageing is type 2 diabetes mellitus, the prevalence of which increases from 20–30 years of age onwards. In many cases, type 2 diabetes mellitus is caused by the combination of insulin resistance and poor insulin secretion. Insulin resistance is also a risk factor associated with other disorders, in particular cardiovascular disease. Physiological change...

We consider binary voting systems in which a probability distribution over coalitions is known. In this broader context decisiveness is an extension of the Penrose-Banzhaf index and success an extension of the Rae index for simple games. Although decisiveness and success are conceptually different we analyze their numerical behavior. The main result provides necessary and sufficient conditions ...

We investigated social inference practices of Koreans and Americans in two novel domains: behavioral predictions and folk theories of behavior. When dispositional and situational inferences were disentangled, Koreans showed dispositional thinking to the same extent as Americans. This was the case for behavioral predictions based on individual difference information (Study 1) and for endorsement...