High-quality research is essential for the generation of scientific nursing knowledge and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. However, the incorporation of Western bioethical principles in the study design may not be suitable, sufficient or relevant to participants in low-income countries and may indeed be harmful and disrespectful. Before engaging in global health studies, nur...

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This paper explores issues relating to e-learning in the global workplaces and educational contexts. The literature on e-learning often touts the benefits of e-learning as an equalizing or democratizing force in learning and education at the detriment of significant challenges facing its implementation and eventual outcomes for users. Central to the challenges facing e-learning systems is cultu...

this article deals with the discourse of cultural globalisation and related issues such as the global market and cultural industry, which emerged as recent seminal factors within the context of iranian culture, art and artistic practice during the recent history of iran. moreover, it seeks to explore the inevitable issues drawn from the process of globalisation, namely the forces of standardisa...

this exploratory study attempts to shed some light on the ethnocentric behaviours of young iranians in relation to the global consumer culture. it demonstrates why and how these individuals adhere to their own cultural resources and refrain from consuming the products or daily life practices of other cultures. the analysis of interpretive interviews with twelve participants in tehran and karaj ...

Taiwan is a multi-cultural blend of traditional Chinese culture with signifi cant East Asian infl uences, including Japanese, and such Western infl uences as American, Spanish and Dutch. This blend has allowed Taiwan, over time, to gradually develop its own distinct culture, mostly a variation of Chinese culture from Southern China. In addition, the Taiwanese aboriginals also have distinct cult...

Background and Aims: World Health Organization Global Polio Laboratory Network (GPLN) plays a critical role in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Cell culture methods (mostly RD and L20B cell lines) have been used for Enteroviruses and polioviruses isolation, respectively. Cross-contamination among L20B and RD cell lines causes the problem in accuracy of poliovirus surveillance and decrea...