The demographic processes of growth, mortality, and the recruitment of young individuals, are the major organizing forces regulating communities in open systems. Here we present a size-structured (rather than age-structured) population model to examine the role of these different processes in space-limited open systems, taking coral reefs as an example. In this flux-diffusion model the growth r...

Abstract In this study, we aimed to overview the relationships of most significant international theories dealing with spatial economy, special regard endogenous resources. We examined effects and development trends economic social capital because believe that they may determine future directions strategic planning. Spatial (being focus our research) is proven have outstanding influence on soci...

Abstract In this article, the idea of generalized Hasimoto-type surfaces are put forward based on interaction between vortex filaments. Meanwhie, surface null growth is proposed by evolving a curve as dictated direction and velocity in Minkowski 3-space. The conditions geometric forms investigated. Last but not least, several typical examples presented to characterize such corresponding perturb...