The discussions of conatus – force, tendency, effort, and striving in early modern metaphysics have roots Aristotle’s understanding life as an internal experience living force. This paper examines the ways that Spinoza’s is consonant with Aristotle on effort. By tracking effort from his psychology ethics to aesthetics, I show there a at heart activity ψυχή involves intensification power way whi...

The torpedo effect was known long before electricity was discovered. How was it explained? In early accounts on the subject, Emil du Bois-Reymond found remarkable observations and hypotheses. In Antiquity, zoological interest is illustrated by Aristotle and followers, who were intrigued by torpedo's behaviour and capacity to act from a distance. Alexandrian physicists were more interested in th...

1. introduction the effect of blocking on iran’s precipitation in numeral way and long-term has not been done yet. however, in some researches based on weak indexes like one-dimension has been implied to iran that in studying many cases we observe lack of blocking event and or their continuation that has been for less than 5 days. this phenomenon in some cases occurs in our country directly and...

IN COMMENTING on the classical authors the medieval commentators very often used a formal introduction setting out a number of topics to be treated in the commentary upon the text. This accessus ad auctores has been discussed by Quain,' who lists a wide variety of branches of study in which the accessus was used; the only significant oniission from this list is medicine. Medical examples, howev...

Th e treatise De spiritu of the Corpus Aristotelicum deserves better treatment than it has received since W. Jaeger in his 1913 article rejected its authenticity and dated it one hundred years after Aristotle. In this paper the authors argue that De spiritu defends purely Aristotelian viewpoints against persons like Plato and Empedocles, who held respiration to be the most important vital proce...

In his Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle argued that emotions are adaptive when they are about the right things, are expressed in the right way, arise at the right time, and last the right amount of time. By contrast, emotions are maladaptive when they are about the wrong things, are expressed in the wrong way, arise at the wrong time, or are the wrong duration. This analysis led Aristotle to recom...