Competent patients who refuse life saving medical treatment present a dilemma for healthcare professionals. On one hand, respect for autonomy and liberty demand that physicians respect a patient's decision to refuse treatment. However, it is often apparent that such patients are not fully competent. They may not adequately comprehend the benefits of medical care, be overly anxious about pain, o...

It is inevitable that healthcare workers throughout their careers will witness actual or potential threats to patient safety in the course of their work. Some of these threats will result in serious harm occurring to others, whilst at other times such threats will result in minimal harm, or a ‘near miss’ where harm is avoided at the last minute. Despite organizations encouraging employees to ‘s...

Too much emphasis has been placed upon how to be successful as a therapist and too little has been written about how to fail. Twelve steps for failing in psychotherapy are described within the proper ideological framework, and it is argued that any therapist can achieve this end with proper training. What has been lacking in the field of therapy is a theory of failure. Many clinicians have mere...

so far, moral features have been divided into absolute and relative, individual and social, temporary and permanent and so on. the least advantage of these divisions and separations is a help to moral studies and a better and systematic understanding of moral values and anti-values for moral doers. in this essay according to a cause and effect, and necessary relationship which might be among so...

T he emphasis in medical law and ethics on protecting the patient’s right to choose is at an all time high. Apart from circumscribed situations, for instance where the Mental Health Act 1983 is applicable, the only justification for medically treating an adult patient against his or her wishes is on the basis of common law, using the principle of best interests, and only when he or she lacks ca...

Although the word “love” appears less frequently in the Qur‟an than in the Bible, Love is a cornerstone of both Islam and Christianity. As the Bible and the Qur‟an agree on many things, why then do Muslims and Christians perceive each other so differently and so often misunderstand each other? Such a question, of course, deserves an in-depth, multi-faceted answer; however, we...

T he market potential is an indicator showing the level of market access and national demand for products of a region. The aim of this study is to study the effect of market potential on regional economic growth in 28 Iranian provinces over the years 2001–2011. In order to do that, a model of regional growth was estimated by using Spatial Dynamic Panel Data technique. This technique ...