There is a critical need to access the valuable information in historical scrolls that cannot be read by conventional means. In some cases, their physical deterioration is at such an advanced state that any attempt to unravel the document manually would cause catastrophic fragmentation, destroying the internal information. Use of X-ray microtomography, a new direction in digital document analys...

Abstract The Great Mosque of Kufa, built in 639 CE and located Al-Kufa, Iraq, is considered one the most important mosques Islamic world. Because cracks appeared historical walls Al-Kufa during construction Muslim Bin Aqeel Underpass, values locations bending moment shear force may be useful for wall maintenance. So, this study aims to determine maximum minimum settlement, moment, forces under ...

While there have been a vast number of studies on bacterial alpha diversity in the shallow terrestrial subsurface, beta diversity - how the bacterial community composition changes with spatial distance - has received surprisingly limited attention. Here, bacterial beta diversity and its controlling factors are investigated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and cloning of samples from a...

Large volumes of gridded climate data have become available in recent years including interpolated historical data from weather stations and future predictions from general circulation models. These datasets, however, are at various spatial resolutions that need to be converted to scales meaningful for applications such as climate change risk and impact assessments or sample-based ecological re...

Explanation pertaining to individuals’ cognitive development and learning approaches is a recurring theme in the areas of education and psychology. The work of Okagaki (e.g., Okagaki, 2001; Okagaki & Frensch, 1998), for example, has provided both theoretical and empirical insights into the structuring and situational positioning of individuals within a community (e.g., the school, the family). ...

Stable isotope analyses of discrete seasonal layers from a 108-yr annually laminated freeze-core from Baldeggersee, a small, eutrophic lake in central Switzerland, provide information on the climatological and environmental factors, including lake eutrophication, that control oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of epilimnic biologically induced calcite precipitate. During the last 100 yr, Ba...

This study constructed a multi-layered semantic structure of adjective pairs that are used to express the tactile properties of materials. We analyzed the causalities between adjectives using the DEMATEL method, involving twenty-nine adjective pairs and forty-six materials, and thus constructed a multi-layered structure. The constructed structure contained psychophysical, affective, and prefere...

The communities living on the dangerous hillslopes in Chittagong City Corporation (CCC) in Bangladesh recurrently experience landslide hazards during the monsoon season. The frequency and intensity of landslides are increasing over time because of heavy rainfall occurring over a few days. Furthermore, rapid urbanization through hill-cutting is another factor, which is believed to have a signifi...